nĕ1, nē, nei

    nĕ1, nē, nei

    English meaning: negative particle

    Deutsche Übersetzung: Satznegation der reinen Verneigung

    Note: (ne einzelsprachlich also Wortnegation geworden)

    Material: nĕ: O.Ind. ná “not”, néd (náid) ds., Av. ap. na- “not”, Av. nōit̃ (= O.Ind. néd), O.Ind. ná-vü = Av. na-va “or not” (compare Lat. nē-ve, and genauer O.Ir. nō see under); O.Ind. naca “and not” (= Lat. neque etc.); = Alb. nuk “or not” about ne- in Arm. (nuaɫ “languissant” from *ne-val-, etc.) s. Dumézil BAL.-SLAV. 40, 48 f.; Gk. νε- only (as replacement from n̥-) before verbalen, then also other adj. with dem anlaut ü̆, ē̆, ō̆, with denen es contracted is, e.g. νήκεστος, νηλεής, νώνυμ(ν)ος (thereafter secondary νη- in νήποινος “ungerächt”, Dor. νά̄ποινος, etc.); Lat. nĕ- in ne-füs, ne-sciō (ne-sciens, ne-scius), ne-cesse, ne-uter, n”unquam, nusquam, nūllus, nōn (*n”oin[om], compare O.H.G. Ger. nein), ne-que “ not; and not, nor; rarely not even “ (= Osc. nep, Goth. nih, O.Ir. na[ch] “not”, O.Ind. na-ca), osk ne “non, nē”; compare also Lat. neg[üre, -ōtium] above S. 418; Lat. neu, nē-ve, old neive, nīve “or not”; O.Ir. ne-ch “aliquis”, Welsh nep “quispiam” (= O.Ind. nakis “niemand”, but with Abstreifung of negativen Sinnes in Sätzen with wiederholter, but einander nicht aufhebender negation; the same Vorgang in Lith. ne ̃kas “irgend somewhat”, nekurìs “ a certain, a kind of, as one might say “, etc.; similarly gelangte ne-u̯e “or not” zur positive meaning “or” in:) O.Ir. nō̆ , nū̆ , Welsh neu, O.Bret. nou “or”, also verbal Stũtzpartikeln (for pronoun infixa and das relative -n-) O.Ir. no-, nu-, M.Welsh neu- as originally formelhaft prefixed “or not?”: proklitisches *ne ergab *na (as e.g. Ir. ass- “ex”) in Vorton in the connection O.Ir. na[ch], M.Welsh nac (etc.) “not” from ne-kʷe with Proto-Celt. Apokope (?) of auslaut -e; Goth. ni, O.H.G. O.S. ni, ne, O.E. ne “not”; O.Ice. nē̆ in the only poet. meaning “non”, during nē in the meaning “neque” = Goth. nih (equal meaning with ni geworden) from *nekʷe = O.H.G. nih-ein, O.S. (with gramm. variation) nig-ēn “not” (but O.S. nec “and not” = Lat. neg-, see above S. 418); O.H.G. Konjunktion noh “yet” from *neh (*ne-kʷe) or from ne + O.H.G. ouch “also”; O.H.G. nein, O.S. nēn “no” from *ne + oinom “nicht einer” (see above Lat. nōn, nūllus); O.E. nü “nie, not, no”, Eng. nō “no” (also O.Ice. nei “no” from *ni + aiw = O.S. O.H.G. nio “nie”); maybe Alb. (*nio) jo “no” O.Pruss. ni, Lith. ne “not”, ne ̃kas, nekurìs (see above); O.C.S. ne “not”; maybe Alb. *(*ne-kʷe), nuk “not” = Lat. ne-que “not; and not, nor; rarely not even” a compound of Root nĕ1, nē , nei : negative particle + Root kʷe 1 : and (encl.)

    Note: Germanic and Baltic cognates could be of Proto-Illyr. origin. Hitt. natta “not”, nüwi “noch nicht”. nē: O.Ind. (ved.) nü “not”; Lat. nē “not” in nē-quidem, nēquüquam, nēquīquam, nēquam, gekũrzt probably in nĕutiquam (but né-uter with old *nĕ, see above), nē Konj. “daß nicht”, Osc. ni “ne” (ni-p “nēve”), marruc. ni “nē”; O.Ir. nī̆ , M.Welsh ny, Welsh ni, Corn. ny, Bret. ne “not” (partly with secondary abridgement); O.Ir. nī “is not” is das gewöhnliche nī with ausgelassener copula; Goth. nē “no”. nei accentuated “not”: Av. naē-čiš “keiner”, adv. naēčiš intensified negation; Lat. nī, altLat.nei adv. and Konj. 1. older “not, daß nicht”, 2. ‘si non”, quid-nī; Osc. nei “not” (nei-p “neque”); Goth. nei (ἅπ.λεγ.) “not”, O.Ice. nī “no”, O.H.G. nī emphatisches “not”; Lith. niẽ- kas “niemand”, neĩ “also not, nicht einmal”; O.C.S. ni “neque”, ni-kъto “niemand”; die Gmc. forms perhaps but = O.Ind. nēd “absolutely not, with it nicht”, Av. nōit, ap. nay from IE *ne id “das nicht”; perhaps is IE nei from *ne + ī (compare οὑτοσ-ί:) to deuten. n̥- Verneinungspartikel as erstes part: O.Ind. Av. ap. a-, before Vokalen (also i̯, u̯) an-; Gk.ἀ-, before vowel ἀν-; Lat. in-, oldest en- (die vorkonsonantische form); Osc. Umbr. an-; O.Ir. in- (before Med.), ē- (before Tenuis), an- (before vowel), Welsh Corn. Bret. an-; Goth. O.H.G. O.S. un-, O.Ice. ō-, ū-; in Bal.-Slav. absolutely through ne- verdrängt; about Church Slavic ne-ję-věrъ “ungläubig”, ne-ję-sytь “unersättlich = Pelikan” s. Berneker 429; Toch. AB a(n)-, am-, e(n)-, em-, on-; through mehrereSprachen durchgehende equivalent are e.g.: O.Ind. amŕ̥ta-, ἄμβροτος, immortülis; O.Ind. ájñüta-, ἄγνωτος, Arm. ancanaut”, ignōtus, O.Ir. ingnad, Goth. unkunÞs; O.Ind. anudrá-, ἄνυδρος, etc.

    References: WP. II 319 f., WH. II 150 f., 152, 165 f., Trautmann 194 f., Schwyzer Gk. 1, 431 f., 2, 590 ff.